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Hu et al (22) demonstrated that GLP-1R-silencing markedly inhibits ABCA1 expression in THP-1 macrophages
SS-31 targets mitochondrial cardiolipin, improving cellular energy production and reducing oxidative stress at the cellular level
M2 macrophages also promote tissue repair and release anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as Arginase-1
Multiple energy-supporting peptides exist, each working through different mechanisms
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