The extended shelf life comes from the pen formulation, per the Novo Nordisk prescribing information (2022)
Most evidence is from animal studies, but the consistency of results across 100+ studies and multiple tendon types is significant
What this implies: if the vial remains sealed, in a cool, dry, dark place (ideally under refrigeration or freezing, with minimal humidity), you can reasonably expect 2-3 years of viability in the lyophilized state
They work by affecting melanin, the substance that colors our skin, hair, and eyes
A role for a 70-kilodaton heat shock protein in lysosomal degradation of intracellular proteins
The peptide operates by binding to receptors on the anterior pituitary, prompting the gland to secrete growth hormone in natural, pulsatile patterns