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For people without a deficiency, the evidence for additional benefit from injections is much weaker

Information about benefits, caffeine, theobromine in cocoa and cacoa, differences between dark chocolate and milk chocolate

In sharp contrast, someone whose deficiency is purely diet-related might just need a short series of shots to replenish their stores before they can switch to high-dose oral supplements

For cell-based assays, sterile water is typically the preferred choice

One study found that after injecting high doses of vitamin B12 (specifically cyanocobalamin) into rodents, the B12 stayed in the bloodstream for a relatively short period, with a half-life ranging from 20 to 50 minutes